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Micro strip Patch Antenna and its Applications: a Survey. Microstrip patch antenna has been heavily studied and is often used as elements for an array.

Antenna

HFSS MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA- ANALYSIS AND DESIGN. 1. DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MICROSRTIP SQUARE PATCH ANTENNA Under the kind guidance of: Mr.

VIVEK SINGH Sr. Lecturer EC Department S.I.E.T., Jhalwa,Alld PRESENTED BY:- RAJAT PATHAK (G. L.) (EC 4th Year) SHIVANSHU AWASTHI (EC 4th Year) SARVESH KUMAR NISHAD (EC 4th Year) NOVMAN ASIF (EC 4th Year).

TABLE OF CONTENTS S. TOPICS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 HOW DOES AN ANTENNA WORK 3 MICRO-STRIP PATCH ANTENNA 4 DIFFERENT SHAPES OF MICRO-STRIP PATCH ANTENNA 5 DIFFERENT PARAMETERS OF MICRO-STRIP PATCH ANTENNA 6 CALCULATION OF PARAMETERS 7 BASIC PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION 8 FEED TECHNIQUES 9 ADVANTAGES OF MICRO-STRIP PATCH ANTENNA 10 DISADVANTAGES OF MICRO-STRIP PATCH ANTENNA 11 APPLICATIONS & REMEDIES 12 SOFTWARE USED. INTRODUCTION Antennas are key components of any wireless system.

An antenna is a device that transmits and/or receives electromagnetic waves.  Most antennas are resonant devices, which operate efficiently over a relatively narrow frequency band. An antenna must be tuned to the same frequency band that the radio system to which it is connected operates in, otherwise reception and/or transmission will be impaired. How does an antenna work?  Antenna is one type of transducer that converts the electrical energy into the electro-magnetic energy in form of electromagnetic waves.  Antennas are required by any radio receiver or transmitter to couple its electrical connection to the electromagnetic field. Microstrip Antenna Antenna Patch Dielectric substrate Ground plane What is Micro-strip Antenna?

In its most basic form, a Microstrip patch antenna consists of a radiating patch on one side of a dielectric substrate which has a ground plane on the other side. Invented by Bob Munson in 1972 (but earlier work by Dechamps goes back to1953). Different Shapes of Micro-strip Patch Elements. Different Parameters of Microstrip Antenna  L = Length of the Micro- strip Patch Element  W = Width of the Micro- strip Patch Element  t= Thickness of Patch  h = Height of the Dielectric Substrate.

CALCULATION OF PARAMETERS The methodology used is based on the design specs of a particular rectangular microstrip patch antenna: Where, C = free space velocity of light = Dielectric constant of substrate  For Calculation of Width: W = =  For Calculation effective dielectric constant: = Where, h = thickness of antenna  For Calculation of Actual Length: L =. Basic Principles of Operation  The patch acts approximately as a resonant cavity (short circuit walls on top and bottom, open-circuit walls on the sides).  In a cavity, only certain modes are allowed to exist, at different resonant frequencies.  If the antenna is excited at a resonant frequency, a strong field is set up inside the cavity, and a strong current on the (bottom) surface of the patch. This produces significant radiation (a good antenna). Micro-strip Line Feed.

A conducting strip is connected to the edge of the patch. The feed can be etched on the substrate. Capacitive Feeding In this type of feeding the feeding is done to small another patch instead of main radiating patch. Feed Techniques Micro-strip antenna can be feed by variety of methods. This methods can be classified into two categories-contacting and non-contacting.

The foremost popular feed techniques used are:.  The Coaxial feed or probe feed is a very common technique used for feeding Microstrip patch antennas.  The center conductor of the coaxial connecter is soldered to the patch.

Coaxial Feeding. Advantages of Micro-strip Patch Antenna  Light weight and low volume.  Low profile planar configuration which can be easily made conformal to host surface.

Array Data Structure

 Low fabrication cost, hence can be manufactured in large quantities.  Supports both, linear as well as circular polarization.  Can be easily integrated with microwave integrated circuits (MICs).  Capable of dual and triple frequency operations.  Mechanically robust when mounted on rigid surfaces.  Useful in aircraft, satellites and missile applications.

Disadvantages  Narrow bandwidth  Low efficiency  Low Gain  Extraneous radiation from feeds and junctions  Poor end fire radiator except tapered slot antennas  Low power handling capacity.  Surface wave excitation. Applications  Used in mobile satellite communication system.  Used in aircraft, spacecraft & missiles  Direct broad cast television(DBS).  GPS system.  Telemetry & telemedicine  Radar application Remedies  Low power and low gain can overcome by arrays configuration.

 Surface wave associated limitations such as poor efficiency, increased mutual coupling, reduced gain and radiation pattern can overcome.  The band width can increase up to 60% by using some special techniques. Software Used To Design Micro-strip Patch Antenna  HFSS is commercial finite element method solver for electromagnetic structures from Ansys Corp.  HFSS stands for High Frequency Structural Simulator.  It is one of the several commercial tools used for antenna design.  It was developed by Prof. Zontal Cendes and his students at Carnegie Mellon Univ.

Patch

In the year 1989.  Its gold-standard accuracy, advanced solver and compute technology have made it an essential tool for engineers designing high-frequency and high- speed electronics components. Getting Started With HFSS Create the New Project: Click FileNew. A new project is listed in the project tree in the Project Manager window. Inserting an HFSS Design Click ProjectInsert HFSS Design or Insert HFSS-IE Design.

The new design is listed in the project tree. It is named HFSS Design. The 3D Modeler window appears to the right of the Project Manager. Selecting the Solution Type: Click HFSSSolution Type. The Solution Type dialog box appears.  Select one of the following solution types 1.Driven Mode (preff.) 2.Driven Terminal 3.Eigenmode Setting Units of Measurement for the Model: To set the model’s units of measurement: Click ModelerUnits. The Set Model Units dialog box appears.

Select the new units for the model from the Select units pull-down list. Assigning Materials: You can add, remove, and edit materials in two main ways:.Using the ToolsEdit Configured LibrariesMaterials menu command. Right-clicking Materials in the project tree and selecting Edit All Libraries.

To assign a material to an object, follow this general procedure: 1.Select the object to which you want to assign a material. 2.Click ModelerAssign Material.

Assigning HFSS-IE Boundaries:. Creating Microstrip Patch Antenna: Adding Ground (GND): To draw the GND, click on the toolbar. Then draw a box by filling the following data as shown below.

Make sure to set the transparency greater or equal to 0.6. Creating Microstrip Patch Antenna: Adding Substrate: To draw the Substrate, click on the toolbar. Then draw a box by filling the following data as shown below. 2 - To draw the Patch, click on the toolbar. Then draw rectangle by filling the data same as like filled in substrate.

3 – Then the Ground is prepared as like of patch taking its suitable value. Adding Patch:. Coax Cable: The antenna is excited using a coax cable port.